We went running in the dark last night. I understand that the reflective tape on my shoes must work by Total Internal Reflection, but how do they make it? I found this lovely explanation
https://www.chinareflective.com/faqs/How_does_reflective_fabric_work.html The one described uses tiny glass beads part-coated in aluminium to make sure that the light bounces around inside the sphere and then bounces back the way it came.