We climbed up to the bothy on Great Lingy Hill through the old mine in Mosedale, behind Carrock Fell. The mines must have used a lot of water power. The old pipe below clearly fed the workings. Look at the clear water as it runs over the top of the pipe. This is laminar flow. The layers of water run side by side in an orderly way and don't mix. As the water speeds up due to gain of kinetic energy from gravitational potential, the flow becomes turbulent. Eddies form and the water goes opaque - it is white in the picture. The layers intermingle. You can experience this for yourself with a tap. When only turned on a bit you get a thin clear column of water - laminar flow. If you open the tap to increase the flow rate, you get opaque turbulent flow.
